Wind turbine wake inflow over a heterogeneous forest - comparison between measurement and LES simulation

In this work a new step in understanding the wind turbine (WT) wake behavior on forested areas is made. For analysis, pair of real scale WTs located site with moderately complex terrain and heterogeneous forest simulated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). This simulation compared met mast power output measurements two Ryningsnas, Sweden, considering near neutral stratification atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Three validation steps are followed; first, undisturbed profile data another similar LES code. Then, for each WT impacting at different directions addressed. A feature that these have hub heights, but same rated rotor diameter, which helps provide insight into how tip clearance over affects operation characteristics. Finally, deficits when operating others wakes to observed deficits. simulations SOWFA, Open FOAM project farms ABL, used. code, three additions made; model, mesh modification representation an actuator disc model local force adaptation farm flows. The results show good performance quantitatively qualitatively capturing velocity wake, TKE underestimates magnitude, fails match measured structure one WTs. deficit impacted well captured, despite complexity related turbines heights. study makes first validating forest.